The original V-Project, or Vulcan Project, started out with the creation of guntank, or rx-75, the first combat worthy mobile suit/armor. However, its lack of mobility and speed made it infererior when in close hand combat with the Zeon mobile suits called Zakus.
This led to the creation of the rx-77 Guncannon. which followed some of the designs of its predecessor, the Guntank, as like the Guntank, it has two cannons on its shoulders.(Though they are much weaker than those on Guntank's shoulders)
Guncannon is a big step forward, it has a human type body with real legs (as opposed to treads) and arms that can carry several types of weaponry.
THE FIRST GUNDAM:
The V-project testing took place on side three,which was soon attacked. Now that the Federation had made mobile suits that could equal the zakus in battle, they intended to create a single mobile suit capable of taking on numerous zakus. This was the beginning of the legacy.Gundam introduces new technology where the machine itself records combat data and uses it in battles yet to come.It's army is also highly advanced and is Made of a new alloy known as gundanium. Thus, giving it the name gundam. 
 
As with any form of technology, it is constantly being advanced. Soon, Gundams and their more-well, cheap model RGMs, were soon being mass produced and upgraded. rx-79, whose model is based upon that of the original rx-78, has an assortment of weaponry for close and long range combat.
(this can be seen in 08th MS team)
Once again, an upgrade was needed. Thus giving birth to the rare Ez-8. With a sufficient advantage to the rx-79. its armor is stronger, and it is much faster.
But without Zeon threat rumors, this progress may not have happened. For it is amazinmg and horrible what people can do in a tight situation.
So, it is only fair to explain Zakus, as without them, there may have been no Gundams.
The MS-05 was the first combat worthy mobile suit, which was
used by the infamaous Black Tri Stars in the early stages of the war. But, soon these old models were replaced by the zaku II.
Far more powerful then its predecessor, Zaku 2s were lighter and were able to carry more weapons.
Though several models were created to replace the zaku II. In the end, Zaku II branch-offs were combined to create the Gouf, a land mobile suit, lighter than the zaku II and much more weapon ready. With asections for installable weaponry.
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